83209Bi{ }_{83}^{209} \mathrm{Bi}83209Bi or 96242Cm{ }_{96}^{242} \mathrm{Cm}96242Cm. A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease? Describe how molecular Kochs postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. It is produced by immune cells to target pathogens. A. degrade antibodies Ability to adhere to, colonize, or invade the host 3. B. A(n) __________ infection is a small region of infection from which a pathogen may move to another part of the body to establish a second infection. B Bacteria (b) liquid partition. ", "The use of gloves does not eliminate the need for proper and regular hand washing. Which pathogen is non-living? Include a diagram in your explanation. 2 Q One-celled plants and animals are called: unicells. 17. neutrophils The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. They are both forms of active immunity. Inactivate the gene so that fimbriae are no longer produced. answer choices virus bacteria fungus parasite/protist Question 3 30 seconds Q. Washing your hands is one of the main ways to prevent from getting sick. intact skin Since fungal infections are of a certain type of microorganism, areas o fhte that can be infected include all but which of the following? Describe how molecular Koch's postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. The lymphatic system will play a role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining a state of homeostasis. passive, active C Yeast infection *In active immunity the individual produces antibodies against particular pathogens and in passive immunity the individual is given specific antibodies against a pathogen. They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. C Viruses the bacterium becoming most resistant to antibiotic treatments, such as penicillin, is known as what? Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. Healthcare providers that use the sinks could also pick up the pathogen and transmit the bacterium to patients as well. Blood splash to the nose Needle stick Through the air Blood exposure to skin that is chapped or abraded 7, Which of the following is the appropriate place to dispose of glass pieces from broken slides or ampules? The hallmark symptoms of meningitis include all of the following except? *Monocytes become macrophages once they enter the tissues. Section: 07.02. q"]dg' ~2CqfR Z:+ C2'\&zQH4U^;D},}y 7HhTKy/5z'/wj\jB}H+Dzzke/}^bTY9bH]K0mY&0 j0#\0p(-&T"vUYIAcD+Hdb->[[~@+u@*i!VI7kiT.&S6dI&ezre^Zm;U;-)oR.s. ~s9(kB4)a26;]DP/>EahC_6KaKfho s2Lr`P(L"eG5dM|cGzU\BVszPdQj-XT2%dsg*fs9]XG%ZZ4cCzaOOzdivV> Section: 07.05, Cytokines are signaling molecules produced by T lymphocytes. Which of the following are most likely to be pathogens a Macroparasites b. During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patient's gum with a sharp instrument. A difference between an acute disease and chronic disease is that chronic diseases have an extended period of __________. answer choices Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasite/Protist They are all alive Question 2 10 seconds Q. what is the function of human lymphatic system? IgE, IgE Which of the following individuals introduced the terms "aerobes" and "anaerobes"? normal flora (bacteria mostly), neutrophils and macrophages What does this evidence tell you about this chemical? What is the intensity of this light? 7zP$>O Zcm62b* . This mutation affects the A-subunit, preventing it from interacting with any host protein. Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. IgG a. an aerotolerant anaerobe b. an obligate aerobe c. an obligate anaerobe d. a facultative anaerobe View Text Answer Jump To Question It is one of the most common bacterial causes of diarrhea and the most common cause of foodborne-related hospitalizations and deaths. *The correct order is: antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form. D antibodies. On encountering the pathogen, B-cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies into our blood. Section: 07.05, Histamine, released during inflammation, is associated with which defense mechanism? Where does the lymphatic system empty into the cardiovascular system? Infect healthy rats with the pathogen (i.e., the wild-type strain) and observe signs of disease (phenotype).Identify the gene that is responsible for the production of the fimbriae. Modify the Programming Project from earlier chapter so that the program reads a series of items from a file and displays the data in columns. Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. C Fungi Something about names of all department personnel. This risk is about _____ percent!". IgM Section: 07.02, What cell types are involved in the inflammatory response? passive In July 2015, a report1 was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. a form of immune deficiency, anything the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? 36. Section: 07.04. Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. The body's immune system will react the same was as it did during the first exposure. T cells can recognize antigens because they rheumatoid arthritis complement )IAjBhX3d_FXLM5[7w ;crmYzw=4+7+ts37m?FW`4Tm*;`BGAQx ."VE1 Which of the following is not a bloodborne pathogen? 7. The relative risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens is great. Infect healthy rats with this mutant strain and look for decreased signs of disease. This category is best described by which of the following? MHC Section: 07.03, What is the definition of an antigen? neutral, passive 3 0 obj IgA IgD A microbiologist has identified a new gram-negative pathogen that causes liver disease in rats. 1. TCR True One of the most important steps I can take to prevent exposure to bloodborn pathogens is to be mindful of my surroundings at all times in the clinical setting. Leishmania (Leishmaniasis) This problem has been solved! True or False 2. Describe the motion of air particles inside an inflated balloon. 4 0 obj The bacterium was found on hospital sinks. The new gorilla brought a virus that infects gorillas without causing disease, but is virulent to chimpanzees. Blood is the only bodily fluid that can carry pathogens. IgG antibodies bind to pathogens, activate the compliment and enhance phagocytosis. Fungi initiate infections through the interaction of adhesins with receptors on host cells. a. B Measles What is the similarity between mitosis and meiosis? Of the three options listed, which is the preferred method to protect employees from exposure to blood or OPIM? (b) Period of illness = pathogen is multiplying and reaches it maximum When stung by a bee, Jackie goes into anaphylactic shock. Period of decline = pathogen particles start to decline - slightly less than maximum Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. It is important to understand and follow your employer's policies regarding bloodborne pathogens. anaphylactic degrade nucleic acid to promote spread of pathogen, degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes. Therefore, it causes breaks in the skin that could serve as a portal of entry for pathogens. IgE Kochs postulates are used to determine whether a particular microorganism is a pathogen. thymus and bone marrow Multiple Choice. Cytokines are being investigated for a possible treatment of which disease? Two types of toxins are hemolysins and leukocidins. HCG *(a) gas-liquid. Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. - it is an opportunistic pathogen a type of white blood cell Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. a. Feces and urine c. Amniotic fluid b. Fluid surrounding heart and lungs d. a protein produced by plasma cells that attacks pathogens Molecular Kochs postulates are used to determine what genes contribute to a pathogens ability to cause disease. The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. Virulence, the degree to which a pathogen can cause disease, can be quantified by calculating either the ID50 or LD50 of a pathogen on a given population. 1. helps other immune responses. B. capsule Section: 07.02. Section: 07.03, Phil was exposed to parasitic worms on a recent field trip to the tropics. A 150 g copper bowl contains 220 g of water, both at 20.0^\circC. although standard precautions apply to all potentially infections situations, TBPs are chosen based on the potential means of transmission of the disease or condition. Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? This page titled 15.E: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity (Exercises) is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. PCR "Unlike HBV for which a vaccination exists, currently there is no vaccination for HCV". (c) What initiates the period of decline? IgE antibodies are responsible for the immediate allergic response and protection against parasitic worms. A. Candida Can you place a MediaPlayer in multiple MediaViews? Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he A. wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables. A bacterial infection called lyme disease is spread by what? Which of the following are considered Universal Precautions? malaria, AIDS The final temperature of the system is 100^\circC. causing them to burst. A Strep throat Patients who are at risk due to surgical incisions, weakened immune systems due to pre-existing conditions or medical treatments could use those sinks, transfer the pathogen to their bodies and develop an infection or disease. False 3. 1 0 obj A microbiologist has identified a new gram-negative pathogen that causes liver disease in rats. B Mumps and measles Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens? Bloodborne pathogens are: -Viruses and bacteria -micro-organisms -Carried in the blood -Transmitted by other potentially infectious materials Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? Pathogens are microorganisms that cure disease. adaptive, innate You have recently identified a new toxin. In an employer's exposure control plan, s/he is required to include a category called 'exposure determination'. Which of the following viruses lives permanently in the cells and flares up periodically? Example: The tounsts had an appomtment to meet with their nation's $\overset{\text{consul}}{\cancel{\text{counsel}}}$. [8QRP{i?P-%?`ReX}:Tgx *IgM antibodies are the first produced by a plasma cell. B-cell mediated. stream - the virulence factors are: aflatoxin & gliotoxin Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Some have glycans on their surface which the immune system fails to recognize. True b. HBV is known to have survived in dried blood for up to ____ days and pose a serious risk of exposure during that time. acid pH of stomach Based on these characteristics, how would you classify this toxin? a vaccination. Which pathogen is most virulent? tuberculosis Section: 07.02, Which of the following is not considered a barrier to entry of a pathogen? Which of the following is the correct definition of the term Nosocomial Infection? Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms in blood that may cause disease in humans. Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brian's case. bacteria The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: A mucous membranes. ##Qmv&,! pneumonia (proficiency; vagrancy). D Polio, Which disease is often called the "kissing disease" because you can get it from contact with saliva? - it acts as a mutagen and carcinogen False, True Which of the following statements about the treatment of viruses is not true? During which stage of the infection process is an individual highly contagious? Infectious diseases can be spread by any of the following ways except: The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: The virus that causes __________ also causes itchy, red bumps. basophils and macrophages B. at time of initial assignment and annually thereafter. False, True If you have a __________, you literally have a plant living on your body. An infection is an invasion by pathogens that reproduce, multiply, and cause disease. What is the minimum number of mirrors needed for this task? True In this context, this means 3. 21. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. The four main functions of inflammation are to protect the body from further damage, remove damaged tissue, repair tissue damage, and prevent the spread of infection. Show explicitly that the difference between adjacent energy levels in an infinite square well becomes arbitrarily small compared with the energy of the upper level, in the limit of large quantum number nnn. -The use of Personal possess specific receptors. What is one disease most children are vaccinated against? 23. is part of the inflammatory response. Bloodborne Pathogens Answer Key 1. School Georgia State University; Course Title MATH 2212; Type. in putting on ppe, the first article to put on is the which of the following is not OSHA standard? Diseases can either be noninfectious (due to genetics and environment) or infectious (due to pathogens). promote pathogen spread through connective tissue. If racing at sea level, find the velocity this cyclist can maintain. A person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen. 18. *Rheumatic fever is associated with an inflammatory response that can damage the heart muscle and valves. When the immune system fails to recognize its own body tissue and begins to attack it, it is known as what? 2. *True, cytokines are produced by T lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells. B. keeps the pie chilled before serving it. 2. (a) The patient exhibits the signs and symptoms of the disease in both of these periods. He has a fever of 38 C (100.4 F) and complains of nausea and a constant migraine. The page below is a sample from the LabCE course OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens. Define the viscosity and osmolarity of blood. toxic shock syndrome has been assiciated witht the use of what? A. hemolysin *The complement proteins "complement" certain other immune responses. Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following molecules: innate True or false: They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease? Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Koch's postulates? True in a household with smokers, which of the following health outcomes is most likely to occur, if a family was exposed to arsenic over a long period of time, which of the following health outcomes would be most likely, nervous system disorders and problems in brain development leading to low IQ. The glycoprotein adhesion gp120 on HIV must interact with __________ on some immune cells as the first step in the process of infecting the cell. Any substance that the white blood cells recognize as foreign is known as what? Any visible signs of illness could affect the observations made. IgM all of the following are true statements concerning mononucleosis except? P. aeruginosa usually causes localized ear and eye infections but can cause pneumonia or septicemia in vulnerable individuals like newborn babies. Signs of a disease are objective and are measured. *Anything that the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body is called an antigen. Through a drop of infected blood on healthy skin. During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patients gum with a sharp instrument. Identify the similarities and differences between a lake and a stream. How long till Hepatitis B shows symptoms? They are both forms of an immune deficiency. Employees who have an occupational exposure risk to blood or OPIM are to be offered the hepatitis B vaccination at no cost. -Safe injection practices, "The use of ""safer"" medical eqipment such as self-capping needles or self-sheathing scalples would be part of what aspect of an Exposure Plan?". Bloodborne pathogens areinfectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. *It is true that cytokines assist in regulating white blood cell formation. Section: 07.02, Which of the following is not a sign of inflammation? Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. Let the upper rod have a mass of 7.0kg7.0 \mathrm{~kg}7.0kg and the lower rod a mass of 4.0kg4.0 \mathrm{~kg}4.0kg. C Protozoa *Inflammation and the release of histamine is part of the body's innate defenses. He has a fever of 38 C (100.4 F) and complains of nausea and a constant migraine. Imagine that a mutation in the gene encoding the cholera toxin was made. budding yeast with an elaborate capsule Cryptococcus neoformans causes a systemic infection primarily involving the lungs and central . C. It is an example of an adhesin. pathogens are one of the major sources of environmental risks. C Athlete's foot and ringworm 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Learn more about OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens (online CE course) Which of the following is NOT classified as a bloodborne pathogen? plasma cell C Fungus eosinophils A Bacteria Which of the following is NOT a pathogen? All of the following groups are among the most vulnerable to infectious illnesses except? Calculate the outside air temperature. True mononucleosis is most common amoung the elderly. D Protozoan, Unit 7: Alcohol, Drugs and Tobacco Awareness, Honors English III Final Exam- Vocab and Rhet, Spanish Exam Speaking Questions and Answers, Dutton's Orthopaedic: Examination, Evaluation and Intervention. *Cytotoxic T cells contain perforin molecules that punch holes in the plasma membranes of potential pathogens. AIDS is associated with the destruction of the white blood cells in the body. If clearly labeled, food and drink are permitted in areas where BBP exposures may occur. Which pathogen needs a host cell to reproduce? c. employers must have written airborne pathogen exposure control plans I'm workspace. __ escribo correos a mi mejor amigo. *The Mantoux skin test uses the delayed allergic response to indicate exposure to tuberculosis. antiviral drugs can completely eradicate viral infections. - cross blood placenta barrier They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. D Protozoa, Which two diseases can be life threatening? *Certain complement proteins involved in the membrane attack complex kill foreign microbes by causing them to burst. Safety glasses are not necessary when working with BBP? It does not grow in the absence of oxygen. They must then receive a copy of the evaluation within ___ days, The hepatitis B virus can last for up to seven days outside of the body. which of the following is a pathogen, risk is often presented as _________, which is a measure of the statistical likelihood that something will occur, generally speaking, as economic development occurs, the risk of exposure to indoor air pollution _______, and the impact of over consumption of food and tobacco _________, advocates of environmental justice seek which of the following, risks related to development spread evenly across all populations, You are working with a chemical, so to educate yourself about the chemical's hazard, you read its material safety data sheet (MSDS) the msds indicates that the LD50 for the chemical is 5 grams per kilogram body weight this LD50 indicates that____, Half of the animals tested died when given that dose of the chemical, Which of the following is a cryonic effect of exposure to a toxin, The process of risk assessment includes all of the following except, Weighing the risk against economic, social, and legal considerations, Although bisphenol (BPA) is found in plastics sold in the United States, the chemical has been banned in many countries because it is, thalidomide was banned because it was determined to be, leaded paint and gasoline are longer available in the US because lead is, which of the following pollutants is/are readily dissolved and transported in water, which of the following organisms runs the highest risk of harm as a result of the biological magnification of pollutants, which of the following diseases is spread via water containing infected human waste, how can a flu virus be more dangerous than the ebola virus, individuals infected with a flu virus tend to travel and spread the disease before they get sick, benefits that we draw from the environment, what disease is expected to become more widespread as a result of global climate change, prevent disease outbreaks and harm from natural disasters, air pollution causes considerable harm to human health, based on your understanding of how air pollution affects people, which of the following examples is most likely to cause harm, a carcinogen is released from gasoline while a car is being filled. pa help po sagutan 10 words lang po ok na po thanks po general It acts as an opsonin i.e. A. a surface protein allowing the pathogen to bind to host cells B. a secondary host the pathogen can infect C. a surface protein the host immune system recognizes D. the ability to form a provirus A 10. Section: 07.03, Shaun was in need of a kidney transplant. (b) How do they differ? Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria. mucous membranes to avoid eating a high concentration of mercury, which food should you select, soybeans watered with water from the river, which of the following approaches could help reduce the risk of malaria in a city without introducing new risks to human populations, search for and remove items that could hold accumulated water. *The antigen first binds to the B-cell receptor (BCR) to activate antibody-mediated immunity. Check all that apply Activation or inactivation of host cell DNA Binding to RNAs that silence genes Affect host cell DNA that is responsible for cytoskeleton organization Exchange of capsule genes between pathogen and host cell Secretion of . Section: 07.04, Cytokines assist in regulating white blood cell formation. A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease? The tiniest and toughest pathogens are what? systemic lupus erythematosus B cell activated; antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; plasma cells form Which of the following is defined as a plant or animal so small it can only be seen with a microscope? period of illness = the time at which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious and severe. False, False How much to the bowl? PTd?M5I$w7AKvnC=_$QisBH " Rjob/V? endobj Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease? endobj Infect healthy rats with the complemented strain and see if the severity of disease is comparable to when rats are infected with the wild type pathogen. Explain how helminths evade the immune system. a. Which of the following pathogens undergoes antigenic variation to avoid immune defenses? True Organisms that carry and pass on the pathogen without getting the disease, some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the, the most important way to stop the spread of infection is through. *In severe combined immunodeficiency disease, both B and T cells are lacking. D. Giardia. Or is it also valid to say that the Sun goes around the Earth? 24. Two periods of acute disease are the periods of illness and period of decline. The human leg can be compared to a physical pendulum, with a "natural" swinging period at which walking is easiest. 28. D. fimbriae, 14. (a) How are these toxins similar? Hypersensitivity to a substance in one's diet or environment is called what? Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. the . A person steps on a rusty nail and develops tetanus. *People with allergies produce ten times more IgE than those people without allergies. they work very, very quickly. Section: 07.03, The acquired defense system only recognizes and destroys cells with antigens that come from outside the body. C. marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the . True Which of the following pathogens undergoes antigenic variation to avoid immune defenses? The site-specific document that describes how UNLV complies with the BBP standard is the. people who were recently vaccinated for the flu. They activate the complement system which punches holes in the invading pathogen. Viruses are treated with antibiotics. a set of barrier mechanisms that adapts to specific pathogens after repeated exposure. List the types of substances to which each of the following chromatographic methods is most applicable: For each of the following pairs of isotopes, indicate which one you think would be radioactive: *The inflammatory response occurs after the pathogen has entered the body. Determine the free-vibration response of the triple pendulum shown in given figure for li=l(i=1,2,3)l_i=l(i=1,2,3)li=l(i=1,2,3) and mi=m(i=1,2,3)m_i=m(i=1,2,3)mi=m(i=1,2,3) for the initial conditions 1(0)=2(0)=0\theta_1(0)=\theta_2(0)=01(0)=2(0)=0, 3(0)=30,i(0)=0(i=1,2,3)\theta_3(0)=\theta_{30}, \dot{\theta}_i(0)=0(i=1,2,3)3(0)=30,i(0)=0(i=1,2,3).

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